• Paediatric tumours (5th ed.) 
  • 1. Forewords and Introductions




    WHO Classification of Tumours: Editorial Board

    How to cite this volume
    Foreword with changes from the book, including corrigenda
    ICD-O coding of paediatric tumours
    Introduction to paediatric tumours



  • 2. Haematolymphoid disorders




    Haematolymphoid disorders: Introduction

    Myeloid neoplasms
    Myeloproliferative neoplasms
    Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
    Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms
    Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia
    Myelodysplastic syndromes
    Refractory cytopenia of childhood
    Myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts
    Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and related neoplasms
    Acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) defined by differentiation
    Acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) with recurrent genetic abnormalities
    Myeloid neoplasms and proliferations associated with antecedent or predisposing conditions
    Myeloid neoplasms associated with germline predisposition
    Myeloid proliferations associated with Down syndrome
    Mast cell neoplasia
    Mastocytosis
    Lymphoid neoplasms
    Precursor lymphoid neoplasms
    B-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma
    T-cell and NK-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma
    Mature B-cell neoplasms
    Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
    Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma NOS
    EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma NOS
    Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement
    Paediatric-type follicular lymphoma
    Paediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma
    ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma
    Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
    Plasmablastic lymphoma
    Mediastinal grey zone lymphoma
    Burkitt lymphoma
    Large B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration
    Mature T/NK-cell neoplasms
    Peripheral T-cell lymphoma NOS
    Aggressive NK-cell leukaemia
    Primary cutaneous T-cell neoplasms
    Mycosis fungoides
    Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders
    Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
    Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
    Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive
    Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
    Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
    EBV-positive lymphoproliferative diseases of childhood
    Systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma of childhood
    Hydroa vacciniforme lymphoproliferative disorder
    Hodgkin lymphoma
    Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
    Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
    Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms
    Langerhans cell histiocytosis and related disorders
    Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
    Primary immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
    Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders
    HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders



  • 3. CNS tumours




    CNS tumours: Introduction

    Gliomas, glioneuronal & neuronal tumours
    Gliomas, glioneuronal tumours, and neuronal tumours: Introduction
    Paediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas
    Diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL1-altered
    Angiocentric glioma
    Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young
    Diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway-altered
    Paediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas defined by H3 status
    Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered
    Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant
    Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype
    Infant-type hemispheric glioma
    Circumscribed astrocytic gliomas
    Pilocytic astrocytoma
    High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features
    Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
    Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
    Astroblastoma, MN1-altered
    Glioneuronal and neuronal tumours
    Ganglioglioma
    Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma / desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma
    Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
    Diffuse glioneuronal tumour with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters
    Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumour
    Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumour
    Ependymal tumours
    Ependymal tumours: Introduction
    Supratentorial ependymoma
    Supratentorial ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positive
    Supratentorial ependymoma, YAP1 fusion-positive
    Posterior fossa ependymoma
    Posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymoma
    Posterior fossa group B (PFB) ependymoma
    Spinal ependymoma, MYCN-amplified
    Myxopapillary ependymoma
    Choroid plexus tumours
    Choroid plexus papilloma
    Atypical choroid plexus papilloma
    Choroid plexus carcinoma
    CNS embryonal tumours
    Medulloblastoma: Introduction
    Medulloblastomas, molecularly defined
    Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated
    Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated and TP53-wildtype
    Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated and TP53-mutant
    Medulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH
    Medulloblastoma, histologically defined
    Medulloblastoma, histologically defined
    Other CNS embryonal tumours
    Other CNS embryonal tumours: Introduction
    Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour
    Cribriform neuroepithelial tumour
    Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes
    CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated
    CNS tumour with BCOR internal tandem duplication
    CNS embryonal tumour NEC/NOS
    Pineal region tumours
    Pineal region tumours
    Pineal tumours: Introduction
    Pineoblastoma
    Melanocytic tumours
    Melanocytic tumours: Introduction
    Diffuse meningeal melanocytic neoplasms: Melanocytosis and melanomatosis
    Tumours of the sellar region
    Tumours of the sellar region: Introduction
    Pituitary endocrine tumours
    Pituitary adenoma / pituitary neuroendocrine tumour
    Pituitary blastoma
    Craniopharyngiomas
    Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma



  • 4. Peripheral neuroblastic tumours




    Peripheral neuroblastic tumours: Introduction

    Ganglioneuroma
    Ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed
    Neuroblastoma
    Ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular (and other composite neuroblastic tumours)



  • 5. Eye tumours




    Eye tumours: Introduction

    Conjunctival neoplasms
    Hamartomas
    Epibulbar choristoma
    Epibulbar osseous choristoma
    Phakomatous choristoma
    Melanocytic neoplasms
    Conjunctival junctional, compound, and subepithelial naevi
    Inflamed juvenile conjunctival naevus
    Uveal neoplasms
    Diffuse choroidal neurofibroma and ganglioneuroma
    Lisch nodule (iris hamartoma)
    Retinal and neuroepithelial tumours
    Retinocytoma
    Retinoblastoma
    Medulloepithelioma
    Optic nerve tumours
    Pilocytic astrocytoma and other gliomas of the optic nerve



  • 6. Soft tissue and bone tumours




    Soft tissue and bone tumours: Introduction

    Soft tissue tumours
    Adipocytic tumours
    Lipomatosis
    Lipoblastoma/lipoblastomatosis
    Liposarcoma
    Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumours
    Fasciitis/myositis
    Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
    Fibroma of tendon sheath
    Gardner fibroma
    Fibrous hamartoma of infancy
    Lipofibromatosis
    Inclusion body infantile digital fibromatosis
    Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (hyaline fibromatosis syndrome)
    Fibromatosis colli
    Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma
    Sinonasal angiofibroma
    Plantar/palmar fibromatoses
    Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
    Desmoid fibromatosis
    EWSR1::SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumour
    Infantile fibrosarcoma
    Paediatric NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm
    Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma / sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
    Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
    Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma
    So-called fibrohistiocytic tumours
    Fibrous histiocytoma
    Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour
    Tenosynovial giant cell tumour
    Vascular tumours
    Capillary malformations
    Venous malformations
    Arteriovenous malformations
    Intramuscular vascular anomalies
    Lymphatic anomalies
    Congenital haemangioma
    Infantile haemangioma
    Haemangioma of placenta
    Lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma)
    Epithelioid haemangioma
    Tufted angioma and kaposiform haemangioendothelioma
    Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma and retiform haemangioendothelioma
    Pseudomyogenic haemangioendothelioma
    Kaposi sarcoma
    Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
    Angiosarcoma
    Pericytic (perivascular) tumours
    Myofibroma and myopericytoma
    Glomus tumour and glomuvenous malformation
    Smooth muscle tumours
    EBV-associated smooth muscle tumour
    Skeletal muscle tumours
    Rhabdomyoma
    Rhabdomyosarcomas
    Ectomesenchymoma
    Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
    Paediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumour
    Peripheral nerve sheath tumours
    Schwannoma
    Neurofibroma
    Perineurioma
    Hybrid nerve sheath tumour
    Granular cell tumour
    Solitary circumscribed neuroma
    Ectopic meningioma and meningothelial hamartoma
    Benign triton tumour / neuromuscular choristoma
    Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour
    Tumours of uncertain derivation
    Intramuscular/juxta-articular myxoma
    Superficial angiomyxoma
    Deep angiomyxoma
    Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
    Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue
    Alveolar soft part sarcoma
    Extrarenal rhabdoid tumour
    PEComa
    Synovial sarcoma
    Epithelioid sarcoma
    Myoepithelial tumours of soft tissue
    Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour
    Desmoplastic small round cell tumour
    Undifferentiated sarcomas
    Undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of soft tissue and bone
    Ewing sarcoma
    Round cell sarcoma with EWSR1::non-ETS fusions
    CIC-rearranged sarcoma
    Sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations
    Bone tumours
    Osteogenic tumours
    Subungual exostosis
    Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation
    Osteoblastoma
    Osteoid osteoma
    Chondromesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall
    Osteosarcoma
    Chondrogenic tumours
    Chondroblastoma
    Osteochondroma
    Chondromyxoid fibroma
    Enchondroma and enchondromatosis
    Chondrosarcoma
    Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
    Other bone tumours
    Vascular tumours of bone
    Aneurysmal bone cyst
    Giant cell tumour of bone
    Non-ossifying fibroma
    Notochordal tumours
    Simple bone cyst
    Adamantinoma
    Osteofibrous dysplasia
    Fibrous dysplasia



  • 7. Germ cell tumours




    Germ cell tumours: Introduction

    Germ cell tumours
    Non-invasive germ cell neoplasia
    Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (male gonadal)
    Gonadoblastoma
    Germinoma-family tumours
    Germinoma/dysgerminoma/seminoma
    Non-germinomatous germ cell tumours
    Non-germinomatous germ cell tumours: Introduction
    Mature cystic teratoma
    Extragonadal teratoma
    Monodermal teratomas (female gonadal)
    Immature teratoma (female gonadal)
    Prepubertal-type testicular teratoma
    Postpubertal-type teratoma
    Embryonal carcinoma
    Yolk sac tumour
    Fetus in fetu
    Choriocarcinoma (non-gestational)
    Malignant mixed germ cell tumours



  • 8. Renal and male genital tumours




    Renal and male genital tumours: Introduction

    Renal tumours
    Nephroblastic and related tumours
    Paediatric cystic nephroma
    Nephroblastoma
    Molecularly defined renal tumours
    Renal cell carcinoma with MiT translocations
    ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma
    Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma
    SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma
    Metanephric tumours
    Metanephric adenoma
    Metanephric adenofibroma
    Metanephric stromal tumour
    Mesenchymal renal tumours
    Ossifying renal tumour of infancy
    Mesoblastic nephroma
    Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney
    Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney
    Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney
    Renal Ewing sarcoma
    Testicular tumours
    Non-germ cell testicular tumours: Introduction
    Juvenile granulosa cell tumour of the testis



  • 9. Female genital tumours




    Non-germ cell tumours of the female genital tract: Introduction

    Ovarian tumours
    Sex cord stromal tumours
    Ovarian fibroma
    Sclerosing stromal tumour
    Juvenile granulosa cell tumour of the ovary
    Sex cord tumour with annular tubules
    Papillary cystadenoma
    Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour
    Gynandroblastoma
    Other ovarian tumours
    Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type
    Lower female genital tract tumours
    Epithelial tumours
    Mesonephric remnants and hyperplasia
    Mullerian papilloma
    Condyloma acuminatum
    Peritoneal tumours
    Mesothelial tumours
    Peritoneal inclusion cysts



  • 10. Breast tumours




    Breast tumours: Introduction

    Breast tumours
    Fibroepithelial tumours
    Juvenile fibroadenoma
    Juvenile papillomatosis



  • 11. Digestive system tumours




    Digestive system tumours: Introduction

    Liver tumours
    Epithelial tumours
    Hepatoblastoma
    Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma
    Paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma
    Mesenchymal tumours unique to the liver
    Mesenchymal hamartoma
    Calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumour
    Embryonal sarcoma of the liver
    Hepatic congenital haemangioma
    Hepatic infantile haemangioma
    Hepatic angiosarcoma
    Pancreatic tumours
    Epithelial tumours
    Pancreatoblastoma
    Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
    Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm
    Gastrointestinal tumours
    Epithelial tumours
    Gastroblastoma
    Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours



  • 12. Endocrine tumours




    Endocrine tumours: Introduction

    Thyroid tumours
    Thyroid epithelial tumours
    Follicular adenoma of the thyroid
    Papillary thyroid carcinoma
    Medullary thyroid carcinoma
    Spindle epithelial tumour with thymus-like elements
    Parathyroid tumours
    Parathyroid endocrine tumours
    Parathyroid adenoma
    Adrenal tumours
    Adrenocortical tumours
    Adrenal cortical tumours
    Tumours of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia
    Sympathetic paraganglioma
    Parasympathetic paraganglioma (head and neck paraganglioma)
    Phaeochromocytoma
    Composite phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma
    Neuroendocrine neoplasms
    Neuroendocrine tumours
    Other neuroendocrine tumours



  • 13. Head and neck tumours




    Head and neck tumours: Introduction

    Benign tumours
    Squamous cell papilloma of the larynx
    White sponge naevus
    Congenital granular cell epulis
    Central giant cell granuloma
    Odontogenic tumours
    Ossifying fibroma
    Sinonasal tract myxoma
    Nasal dermoid cyst
    Nasopharyngeal dermoid
    Sinonasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma
    Pleomorphic adenoma
    Malignant tumours
    Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
    Acinic cell carcinoma
    Sialoblastoma
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    NUT carcinoma
    Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy



  • 14. Thoracic tumours




    Lung tumours
    Fetal lung interstitial tumour
    Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumour
    Pleuropulmonary blastoma
    Heart tumours
    Cardiac rhabdomyoma



  • 15. Skin tumours




    Skin tumours: Introduction

    Hamartomas
    Hamartomas
    Epithelial neoplasms
    Squamous neoplasms
    Angiokeratoma
    Epidermal naevi
    Pilomatricoma
    Melanocytic neoplasms
    Naevi
    Congenital naevi
    Junctional, compound, and dermal naevi
    Blue naevus
    Spitz naevus
    Pigmented spindle cell naevus (Reed naevus)
    Melanoma
    Melanoma



  • 16. Chapter 16: Genetic tumour syndromes




    Selected tumour predisposition syndromes: Introduction

    Syndromes predisposing primarily to neural tumours
    Neurofibromatosis type 1
    Neurofibromatosis type 2
    Tuberous sclerosis
    Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)
    Retinoblastoma syndrome
    Syndromes predisposing primarily to endocrine tumours
    Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
    Hereditary phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndromes
    Syndromes predisposing primarily to Wilms tumours
    WAGR syndrome
    Beckwith-Wiedemann and related overgrowth syndromes
    Syndromes predisposing primarily to gastrointestinal tumours
    Familial adenomatous polyposis
    Lynch syndrome
    Other syndromes
    Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
    Li-Fraumeni syndrome
    DICER1 syndrome
    BAP1 tumour predisposition syndrome
    Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome
    Rhabdoid tumour predisposition syndrome